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	<title>Comments on: How moral hazard works</title>
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	<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html</link>
	<description>where orders emerge</description>
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		<title>By: mesaeconoguy</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-185259</link>
		<dc:creator>mesaeconoguy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 03:02:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-185259</guid>
		<description>George is actually arguing both (see previous comments).  

He is suggesting that things were out of control before the Depression, which caused it (post hoc ergo propter hoc), and then says thanx to FDR and regulation, lenders of last resort, etc., things got better, except for moral hazard, which doesn’t really matter, except that we’re talking about moral hazard, which is what made our current situation worse, and we’re talking about moral hazard.

Other than that, his logic is spot-on.
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>George is actually arguing both (see previous comments).  </p>
<p>He is suggesting that things were out of control before the Depression, which caused it (post hoc ergo propter hoc), and then says thanx to FDR and regulation, lenders of last resort, etc., things got better, except for moral hazard, which doesn’t really matter, except that we’re talking about moral hazard, which is what made our current situation worse, and we’re talking about moral hazard.</p>
<p>Other than that, his logic is spot-on.</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: mesaeconoguy</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-185258</link>
		<dc:creator>mesaeconoguy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 03:02:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-185258</guid>
		<description>George is actually arguing both (see previous comments).  

He is suggesting that things were out of control before the Depression, which caused it (post hoc ergo propter hoc), and then says thanx to FDR and regulation, lenders of last resort, etc., things got better, except for moral hazard, which doesn’t really matter, except that we’re talking about moral hazard, which is what made our current situation worse, and we’re talking about moral hazard.

Other than that, his logic is spot-on.
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>George is actually arguing both (see previous comments).  </p>
<p>He is suggesting that things were out of control before the Depression, which caused it (post hoc ergo propter hoc), and then says thanx to FDR and regulation, lenders of last resort, etc., things got better, except for moral hazard, which doesn’t really matter, except that we’re talking about moral hazard, which is what made our current situation worse, and we’re talking about moral hazard.</p>
<p>Other than that, his logic is spot-on.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: Sam Grove</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-185254</link>
		<dc:creator>Sam Grove</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 02:34:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-185254</guid>
		<description>George is suggesting that there was less moral hazard back when there were fewer regulations and government was smaller and less powerful.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>George is suggesting that there was less moral hazard back when there were fewer regulations and government was smaller and less powerful.</p>
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		<title>By: Sam Grove</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-185253</link>
		<dc:creator>Sam Grove</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 02:34:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-185253</guid>
		<description>George is suggesting that there was less moral hazard back when there were fewer regulations and government was smaller and less powerful.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>George is suggesting that there was less moral hazard back when there were fewer regulations and government was smaller and less powerful.</p>
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		<title>By: mesaeconoguy</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-185244</link>
		<dc:creator>mesaeconoguy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 00:31:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-185244</guid>
		<description>The SEC didn’t exist leading up to the 1929 crash (1933 &amp; 1934 Acts), and there was far less moral hazard.  And the Depression was extended by these very interventionist moves purporting to “solve” the problem.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The SEC didn’t exist leading up to the 1929 crash (1933 &amp; 1934 Acts), and there was far less moral hazard.  And the Depression was extended by these very interventionist moves purporting to “solve” the problem.</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: mesaeconoguy</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-185243</link>
		<dc:creator>mesaeconoguy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 00:31:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-185243</guid>
		<description>The SEC didn’t exist leading up to the 1929 crash (1933 &amp; 1934 Acts), and there was far less moral hazard.  And the Depression was extended by these very interventionist moves purporting to “solve” the problem.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The SEC didn’t exist leading up to the 1929 crash (1933 &amp; 1934 Acts), and there was far less moral hazard.  And the Depression was extended by these very interventionist moves purporting to “solve” the problem.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: mesaeconoguy</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-185242</link>
		<dc:creator>mesaeconoguy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 00:29:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-185242</guid>
		<description>John, he misses all points.

He’s an anti-business zealot, especially anti-Wall Street, and then he apologizes for legal manipulation of bankruptcy because unions benefited in the fascist GM &amp; Chrysler bailouts.

Don’t waste your time.
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>John, he misses all points.</p>
<p>He’s an anti-business zealot, especially anti-Wall Street, and then he apologizes for legal manipulation of bankruptcy because unions benefited in the fascist GM &amp; Chrysler bailouts.</p>
<p>Don’t waste your time.</p>
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	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: mesaeconoguy</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-185241</link>
		<dc:creator>mesaeconoguy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 10 Oct 2009 00:29:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-185241</guid>
		<description>John, he misses all points.

He’s an anti-business zealot, especially anti-Wall Street, and then he apologizes for legal manipulation of bankruptcy because unions benefited in the fascist GM &amp; Chrysler bailouts.

Don’t waste your time.
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>John, he misses all points.</p>
<p>He’s an anti-business zealot, especially anti-Wall Street, and then he apologizes for legal manipulation of bankruptcy because unions benefited in the fascist GM &amp; Chrysler bailouts.</p>
<p>Don’t waste your time.</p>
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		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-184957</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:08:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-184957</guid>
		<description>There is a subtlety here because those who have been subsidised are those that got wiped out. At first (or fifth) glance a counterargument would seem completely reasonable. You couldn&#039;t possibly be implying that those who&#039;s shares are worth zero have been the beneficiaries of wealth transfer, but it&#039;s true. </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There is a subtlety here because those who have been subsidised are those that got wiped out. At first (or fifth) glance a counterargument would seem completely reasonable. You couldn&#8217;t possibly be implying that those who&#8217;s shares are worth zero have been the beneficiaries of wealth transfer, but it&#8217;s true.</p>
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		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-184956</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2009 05:57:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-184956</guid>
		<description>You support welfare for corporations that you feel make products necessary to the survival of Mother Gaia, Hypocrite. Then you bitch that corporations spend money lobbying the government for corporate welfare, Stooge.

You&#039;ll never grasp the fact that it&#039;s not corporate free speech that&#039;s the problem. They can talk all they want, but unless government has the power to grant them the privileges &lt;B&gt;&lt;I&gt;you&lt;/B&gt;&lt;/I&gt; say they should have, their talk is ineffective.

The government gives special treatment to some corporations over others, based on political correctness. You wouldn&#039;t have it any other way.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You support welfare for corporations that you feel make products necessary to the survival of Mother Gaia, Hypocrite. Then you bitch that corporations spend money lobbying the government for corporate welfare, Stooge.</p>
<p>You&#8217;ll never grasp the fact that it&#8217;s not corporate free speech that&#8217;s the problem. They can talk all they want, but unless government has the power to grant them the privileges <b><i>you</i></b> say they should have, their talk is ineffective.</p>
<p>The government gives special treatment to some corporations over others, based on political correctness. You wouldn&#8217;t have it any other way.</p>
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		<title>By: Methinks</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-184937</link>
		<dc:creator>Methinks</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2009 02:21:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-184937</guid>
		<description>Netsp,

That&#039;s true.  It&#039;s implied subsidized gambling for shareholders.  I guess I was thinking of it from the perspective of the buyer of the stock during the good times, once the expectation is fully priced in (or even overpriced).  

I&#039;m not a guru, but I&#039;ll take a stab: it&#039;s theoretically possible but almost impossible in practice - at least to any meaningful degree.   All stock prices are the discounted future cash flows and too many assumptions about too many variables are baked into everyone&#039;s model to parse a single variable. </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Netsp,</p>
<p>That&#8217;s true.  It&#8217;s implied subsidized gambling for shareholders.  I guess I was thinking of it from the perspective of the buyer of the stock during the good times, once the expectation is fully priced in (or even overpriced).  </p>
<p>I&#8217;m not a guru, but I&#8217;ll take a stab: it&#8217;s theoretically possible but almost impossible in practice &#8211; at least to any meaningful degree.   All stock prices are the discounted future cash flows and too many assumptions about too many variables are baked into everyone&#8217;s model to parse a single variable.</p>
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		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-184917</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 23:11:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-184917</guid>
		<description>Methinks,

The interesting part is that the story does not require a bailout of shareholders. It is enough to promise to cover loans. It is enough to hint at it. The transfer of wealth happens in the good years from the public to shareholders. The shareholders are being compensated for taking on huge risks while the public is actually taking the risk.  

The mechanics of this process are discussed in the podcast. 

The moral hazard story in this podcast impressed me a lot. It requires very few assumptions (no secret meetings between bankers and politicians, no real industry-wide understanding, etc.) and involves very little hand waving. Even if the market has priced in a very soft &quot;expectation&quot; (for example, &#039;a 25% chance that the government will cover outstanding loans from big banks in the event of a collapse&#039;) could plausibly (it think) produce this moral hazard. An open cheque with a 25% chance of being honoured is definitely worth &quot;something.&quot;  Capital markets know what to do with these kinds of cheques. In my opinion, needing only weak assumptions makes this a very strong theory. It does not necessarily mean that this moral hazard is &quot;the&quot; or &quot;the only&quot; reason for the crisis, but I think we can be confident it exists and we should agree that it must be eliminated. *Finance Gurus, is it possible to infer what kind of an expectation the market had priced in?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Methinks,</p>
<p>The interesting part is that the story does not require a bailout of shareholders. It is enough to promise to cover loans. It is enough to hint at it. The transfer of wealth happens in the good years from the public to shareholders. The shareholders are being compensated for taking on huge risks while the public is actually taking the risk.  </p>
<p>The mechanics of this process are discussed in the podcast. </p>
<p>The moral hazard story in this podcast impressed me a lot. It requires very few assumptions (no secret meetings between bankers and politicians, no real industry-wide understanding, etc.) and involves very little hand waving. Even if the market has priced in a very soft &#8220;expectation&#8221; (for example, &#8216;a 25% chance that the government will cover outstanding loans from big banks in the event of a collapse&#8217;) could plausibly (it think) produce this moral hazard. An open cheque with a 25% chance of being honoured is definitely worth &#8220;something.&#8221;  Capital markets know what to do with these kinds of cheques. In my opinion, needing only weak assumptions makes this a very strong theory. It does not necessarily mean that this moral hazard is &#8220;the&#8221; or &#8220;the only&#8221; reason for the crisis, but I think we can be confident it exists and we should agree that it must be eliminated. *Finance Gurus, is it possible to infer what kind of an expectation the market had priced in?</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-184915</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 23:10:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-184915</guid>
		<description></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-184895</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 20:52:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-184895</guid>
		<description>The corporations won Plessy v. Ferguson?  Really, muirgeo?  That&#039;s absolutely priceless.  I hope you, too, can see the irony once you figure out who really won that case (hint: it was the guys whose successors you hold up as saintly and infallible).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The corporations won Plessy v. Ferguson?  Really, muirgeo?  That&#8217;s absolutely priceless.  I hope you, too, can see the irony once you figure out who really won that case (hint: it was the guys whose successors you hold up as saintly and infallible).</p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Name</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-184846</link>
		<dc:creator>Name</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 03:14:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-184846</guid>
		<description>But I take it MoveOn.org,  Center for American Progress, ACORN, and other organizations that are &quot;not real people&quot; (your words not mine) have the same 1st amendment rights as C-corporations, right?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>But I take it MoveOn.org,  Center for American Progress, ACORN, and other organizations that are &#8220;not real people&#8221; (your words not mine) have the same 1st amendment rights as C-corporations, right?</p>
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		<title>By: Thomas A. B. Johnson</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-184845</link>
		<dc:creator>Thomas A. B. Johnson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 03:05:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-184845</guid>
		<description>So, since slightly lowered costs lead to much greater profits, the payback of not hiring people will raise costs, and lower profits dramatically.  Expect higher unemployment as a result of moral hazard.

This will cause either social unrest or the government will buy more bread and circuses to keep the populace in an acceptable state of lethargy as the looting of America continues.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So, since slightly lowered costs lead to much greater profits, the payback of not hiring people will raise costs, and lower profits dramatically.  Expect higher unemployment as a result of moral hazard.</p>
<p>This will cause either social unrest or the government will buy more bread and circuses to keep the populace in an acceptable state of lethargy as the looting of America continues.</p>
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		<title>By: Anonymous</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-184837</link>
		<dc:creator>Anonymous</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 02:19:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-184837</guid>
		<description>Equity is really a call option on the assets of the company.  The strike price on that call is payoff on the debt.  Option value increase with volatility, so equity value increases with the volatility of returns on the assets of the company.  The best thing for the shareholders is to sell debt and then alter the nature of the assets of the firm to make them riskier.  This amounts to a transfer of wealth from debtholders (the value of whose holdings decreases) to the shareholders (whose value - option value - goes up).  To stop management from engaging in this type of unilateral wealth transfer bondholders place limits on the activities of management using mechanisms like bond covenants.  However, when the government guarantees the debt the need to monitor and bond the actions of management decreases.  Now, if the shareholders get their way and increase the risk of the assets the bondholders don&#039;t much care because the risk is being shifted not to the bondholders but to the government.  Result - more risk!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Equity is really a call option on the assets of the company.  The strike price on that call is payoff on the debt.  Option value increase with volatility, so equity value increases with the volatility of returns on the assets of the company.  The best thing for the shareholders is to sell debt and then alter the nature of the assets of the firm to make them riskier.  This amounts to a transfer of wealth from debtholders (the value of whose holdings decreases) to the shareholders (whose value &#8211; option value &#8211; goes up).  To stop management from engaging in this type of unilateral wealth transfer bondholders place limits on the activities of management using mechanisms like bond covenants.  However, when the government guarantees the debt the need to monitor and bond the actions of management decreases.  Now, if the shareholders get their way and increase the risk of the assets the bondholders don&#8217;t much care because the risk is being shifted not to the bondholders but to the government.  Result &#8211; more risk!</p>
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		<title>By: Methinks</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-184827</link>
		<dc:creator>Methinks</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Oct 2009 00:48:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-184827</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m guilty of bashing my head against brick walls after promising to never do it again too.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m guilty of bashing my head against brick walls after promising to never do it again too.</p>
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		<title>By: John Dewey</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-184822</link>
		<dc:creator>John Dewey</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 2009 22:36:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-184822</guid>
		<description>Agree with everything you wrote.  The powers we allow elected officials to exercise is the whole problem.

I wasn&#039;t contesting any point TW made.  I was just trying to further emphasize that corporations are not evil.  Unfortunately I got caught responding - through TW&#039;s intermediate post - to remarks made by the person I had pledged to ignore.  And now I&#039;m pissed because I violated my pledge.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Agree with everything you wrote.  The powers we allow elected officials to exercise is the whole problem.</p>
<p>I wasn&#8217;t contesting any point TW made.  I was just trying to further emphasize that corporations are not evil.  Unfortunately I got caught responding &#8211; through TW&#8217;s intermediate post &#8211; to remarks made by the person I had pledged to ignore.  And now I&#8217;m pissed because I violated my pledge.</p>
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		<title>By: Sam Grove</title>
		<link>http://cafehayek.com/2009/10/how-moral-hazard-works.html/comment-page-1#comment-184820</link>
		<dc:creator>Sam Grove</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 2009 21:38:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cafehayek.com/?p=6773#comment-184820</guid>
		<description>&lt;i&gt;I don&#039;t think this sort of moral hazard existed leading up to the 1929 crash and everyone before that.&lt;/i&gt;

Hmmm, before government was so powerful. Maybe it has something to do with the creation of the FED (at the urging of bankers) in 1913.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><i>I don&#8217;t think this sort of moral hazard existed leading up to the 1929 crash and everyone before that.</i></p>
<p>Hmmm, before government was so powerful. Maybe it has something to do with the creation of the FED (at the urging of bankers) in 1913.</p>
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