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… is from page 153 of my colleague Dick Wagner’s excellent 1989 volume, To Promote the General Welfare [2] (footnote excluded; link added):
[M]inimum wages have significant differential effects among adults, as Peter Linneman’s work on this topic [3] demonstrates. Linneman found significant differences in the impact of minimum wage legislation among different categories of adults. Men gained and women lost: 76 percent of white men gained and 62 percent of black men gained; 72 percent of black women lost and 73 percent of white women lost. Union membership made a difference: 85 percent of union members gained while 56 percent of nonmembers lost.