… is from page 223 of Thomas Sowell’s important 1981 book, Ethnic America: A History (footnote deleted; link added):
Black teenage unemployment in 1978 was more than five times what it had been thirty years earlier. Among the factors responsible, a number of government programs – notably the minimum wage laws – have made it more difficult for blacks to find jobs, and other government programs – notably welfare – have made it less necessary.
DBx: The footnote deleted from this quotation is to the linked report, titled “Youth and Minority Unemployment,” and written in 1977 for the Joint Economic Committee by my late, great colleague Walter Williams.