Quotation of the Day…

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… is from page 180 of Thomas Sowell’s 1983 book, The Economics and Politics of Race: An International Perspective:

Unions are a major factor making labor markets noncompetitive. They have both direct and indirect effects on discrimination. Directly, they have at various times excluded various groups from membership – in the United States, the Irish, the Italians, the Chinese, and blacks perhaps most pervasively of all. Some unions have limited entry to relatives of existing members. This, in effect, excluded members of other racial and ethnic groups.