… is from page 139 of the late Stanford University economic historian Nathan Rosenberg’s 1991 paper “Critical Issues in Science Policy Research,” as this paper is reprinted in Rosenberg’s 1994 book, Exploring the Black Box: Technology, Economics, and History:
Everyone knows that the linear model of innovation is dead. That model represented the innovation process as one in which technological change was closely dependent upon, and generated by, prior scientific research. It was a model that, however flattering it may have been to the scientist and the academic, was economically naive and simplistic in the extreme.
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