… is from page 51 of Norbert Michel’s superb 2025 book, Crushing Capitalism: How Populist Policies are Threatening the American Dream [footnote deleted; link added]:
However, if the [balance-of-payments] accounting framework were designed instead to track the quantity of goods, this same situation [that is, a trade deficit] would be referred to as a “goods surplus.” In other words, a trade deficit does not indicate that anyone has lost anything, or that anyone is owed anything.


However, if the [balance-of-payments] accounting framework were designed instead to track the quantity of goods, this same situation [that is, a trade deficit] would be referred to as
