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National Review‘s Jeffrey Blehar is correct: “The Trump administration’s lawfare will destroy more than just itself.” A slice:

What the Trump administration is doing here is pure thuggery, lawfare of the most shameless and self-disgracing sort. What defense does MAGA wish to offer for Trump threatening to indict the chairman of the Fed on fake charges because he won’t cut interest rates like Trump demands? Trump cannot legally remove Powell from his position except “for cause,” and so here he is, directing his Justice Department to manufacture a “cause” he can use to threaten Powell. I can hear the constant refrain of online Trump supporters ringing in my ears: “I voted for this.” Did you, really? Did you vote for this?

Let us pause also to note the hilarity (seemingly almost intentional, as if to emphasize the near-Shakespearean insolence of office) of Trump threatening to indict Powell over purportedly mishandling the “renovations of historic buildings.” Donald Trump literally just demolished the East Wing without any sort of review, and then illegally slapped his name on the Kennedy Center to end the year. And bragged about how nobody could stop him from doing it! Does the administration see this irony? Maybe Trump does not, but those surrounding him surely do — and I’m halfway convinced that this aspect of things is an “intentional flex,” what they enjoy about their current amoral exercise of power more than anything else. We can do whatever we want, use any tool we wish, because we’re in charge now. (This power-tripping attitude comes through with crystalline purity in the public rhetoric of Trump’s most prominent underlings, such as Stephen Miller.)

It’s frightening to see a methodology shaping up in the Trump DOJ’s nakedly political indictments. This is now the second time they have moved against a disliked political figure by sifting through random Senate testimony to find something they can hang a flimsy indictment on. It is precisely the brand of injustice we all learned to revile from the Stalinist era: “Show me the man, and I will find you the crime.” The fact that all this pressure is so shamelessly out in the open — and greeted with distractable indifference from the media and Trump’s increasingly coarsened supporters — feels like a degradation of American politics, and a quietly slow-rolling, endlessly accumulating civic and social tragedy. The cost of the politics of this era will be felt long after Trump is gone. I fear we will never get the poison fully out of our blood.

Stefan Bartl decries the malignant expansion of national-government executive-branch power in the United States. Two slices:

On April 2, or “Liberation Day,” tariffs captured much of 2025 as the administration sought to upend decades-long trading practices under the promise of bringing manufacturing back to the United States. In a return to an old-school mercantilist instinct, broad tariffs were imposed on imports to leverage the size of the U.S. economy against trading partners and supposedly spark domestic production, especially in nostalgic sectors such as steel and autos.

According to FRED, both domestic auto production and employment in manufacturing continue to decrease. At the same time, prices have risen sharply over the past year. From March to September of last year, the Producer Price Index (PPI) for Metals and Metal Products rose roughly by 10 points, from 132 to 143. In autos, Fitch Ratings places the 60-plus-day auto-loan delinquency rate at a record high, with new car prices averaging more than $50,000 for the first time.

Taken together, tariffs have taxed consumers while failing to deliver the promised production gains — manufacturing, in effect, a kind of policy-made madness. In addition, affordability is now casting a long shadow over the economy, especially when tariffs are applied to goods the United States has little or no capacity to produce at scale, such as bananas and coffee, revealing the bluntness of broad-based tariff policy and a poor understanding of America’s own production capacities.

…..

If America wants a genuine golden age, it will not be issued by Executive Order, it will be rebuilt by restoring the limits that make self-government possible.

David Bier reports that “noncitizens were underrepresented in welfare fraud convictions in 2024.”

Radley Balko details the nightmare that is now immigration ‘enforcement’ under Trump.

“Like Bernie Sanders and AOC, Trump wants to fix prices on credit cards,” so reports the Editorial Board of the Wall Street Journal. Two slices:

Remember when President Trump called Kamala Harris a Communist because she supported price controls? Well, who’s the Commie now? On Friday the President endorsed a proposal by comrades Bernie Sanders and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez to cap credit card interest rates at 10%.

“We will no longer let the American Public be ripped off by Credit Card Companies that are charging Interest Rates of 20 to 30%, and even more,” Mr. Trump wrote on Truth Social in teeing up a 10% interest-rate cap. Like Joe Biden, Mr. Trump thinks he can command the economic tides.

In case he slept through Finance 101: Credit-card rates are set by markets. They are based largely on the Federal Reserve’s benchmark interest rate and borrower risk. Restricting rates will limit access to credit for lower-income Americans. That’s what price controls do: They limit supply.

…..

Studies have also found that lenders restricted credit in states like Arkansas and Illinois after they capped interest rates. When lower-income Americans are regulated out of the card market, they may turn to payday loans that charge even higher rates.

Cap advocates note that some fintech Buy Now Pay Later services don’t charge interest. But many of these services automatically draft payments from customer bank accounts, which can result in overdraft fees. If borrowers prefer these services, so be it.

In any case, innovation and competition in credit markets are an argument against government price-fixing. One risk is that Mr. Trump bullies Republicans in Congress into backing legislation from Mr. Sanders to impose a 10% rate cap. Missouri Republican Josh Hawley has co-sponsored the bill, and Ms. Ocasio-Cortez has introduced companion legislation.

Also critical of Trump’s economically ignorant proposal to cap credit-card interest rates is my Mercatus Center colleague Jack Salmon.

David Henderson, too, joins in the (unfortunately necessary) task of again making clear that government-impose price caps harm the very individuals they are advertised as helping.

Jack Nicastro shares news that shouldn’t be – but, alas, that these days, to too many people, nevertheless is – surprising: “California billionaires are leaving the state in response to proposed wealth tax.”

Matt Johnson eviscerates Patrick Deneen’s clueless attempt to discredit liberalism. (HT to someone on Facebook whose name I – please forgive me – now forget.) A slice:

Liberal institutions are built on the realities of human nature: “What is government itself,” James Madison wrote in Federalist No. 51, “but the greatest of all reflections on human nature?” Madison’s acknowledgment of the darker aspects of human nature informed the architecture of the most successful governing document from a liberal perspective that the world has ever seen: the U.S. Constitution. It’s what led him to argue that, “Ambition must be made to counteract ambition” in the form of separated powers that check and balance each other.

As Deneen sees it, liberalism is “more insidious” than fascism and communism because it hides its “intention of shaping the souls under its rule.” He argues that liberalism was the “first political architecture that proposed transforming all aspects of human life to conform to a preconceived political plan.” In fact, liberalism exists to peacefully manage conflict between many competing political plans. It allows people under it to hold whatever views they want—Marxism, libertarianism, evangelicalism, atheism—so long as they observe the rule of law and refrain from forcing their views on others.

Deneen argues that one of liberalism’s core “anthropological assumptions” is the “human separation from and opposition to nature.” But the major Enlightenment philosophers who fashioned the foundations of liberal thought held the opposite view—they grounded liberal rights and duties in human nature. John Locke (one of Deneen’s liberal bogeymen) argued that the right to life, liberty, and property is based on natural law. The Declaration of Independence begins with a Lockean affirmation of natural rights.

This picture created by Phil Magness is worth several thousand words:

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Quotation of the Day…

is from page 243 of David Schmidtz’s wisdom-packed 2023 book, Living Together [original emphasis]:

The highest political standards are not the ones we personally find most appealing. Rather, truly having reason to embrace anything as a political ideal starts by observing that conflict resolution is an exercise in the art of compromise. A politically ideal community is habitable partly because no one’s moral ideal ever sweeps the field.

DBx: Yes.

To accompany this quotation I chose a photograph of my late Nobel-laureate colleague, James Buchanan, because – contrary to much uninformed commentary about Buchanan – what Dave Schmidtz writes here captures nicely a principle that was always core to Buchanan’s political philosophy, and one that he expressed quite directly on countless occasions.

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Some Links

Mike Munger tweets: (HT Scott Lincicome)

Your choices are:
A. The Fed sets policy
B. Donald Trump sets policy

That’s it, that’s all. There is not going to be a market framework for interest rates; it’s too tempting to meddle.

B is Zimbabwe. The Fed is better, by quite a bit.

Several prominent policy-makers, Democrats and Republicans – including all former Chairpersons of the Federal Reserve – speak out against Trump’s lawless lawfare against Fed Chairman Jerome Powell:

The Federal Reserve’s independence and the public’s perception of that independence are critical for economic performance, including achieving the goals Congress has set for the Federal Reserve of stable prices, maximum employment, and moderate long-term interest rates. The reported criminal inquiry into Federal Reserve Chair Jay Powell is an unprecedented attempt to use prosecutorial attacks to undermine that independence. This is how monetary policy is made in emerging markets with weak institutions, with highly negative consequences for inflation and the functioning of their economies more broadly. It has no place in the United States whose greatest strength is the rule of law, which is at the foundation of our economic success.

National Review‘s John Puri writes eloquently against the Trumpian lawfare aimed at Jerome Powell. Two slices:

The chances that Trump would investigate Federal Reserve officials like Chairman Jerome Powell and Lisa Cook if they were acquiescing to his demands instead of resisting them are zero — zilch, nada, none. Potentially negative, thus shattering the laws of mathematics. Everybody knows this.

A second undeniable fact is that Trump is trying to dominate the Fed — to break it to his will. That he doesn’t control the Fed already infuriates him. He would seek to subjugate it even if he sought no changes in the monetary policy it sets.

But, oh, does he seek changes to policy. Destroying the central bank’s independence would be terrible enough in itself. As my predecessor Dominic Pino has documented, it extinguishes confidence in the currency and unmoors the money supply from empirical concerns in favor of political expediency. What Trump wants from the Fed in particular, however, makes his gambit all the more destructive. And obscenely stupid.

…..

The MAGA movement had better pray that Jerome Powell wins this fight over the Fed. They had better pray that Senate Republicans find a spine real quick and that they make sure Trump doesn’t appoint a lunatic or a lackey as Powell’s successor who will slash rates to the bone and blow out the Fed’s balance sheet. They had better pray the president does not get his way on this.

Because if he does, MAGA will go down in flames the same way Biden and his accessories did. And the rest of us will burn with them, because we unfortunately all share this house called the U.S. economy. We all have an interest in making sure the dollars in our pockets don’t become toilet paper.

The Wall Street Journal‘s Editorial Board describes the Trump DOJ’s criminal investigation of Jerome Powell as “a self-defeating fiasco.” A slice:

His saner advisers are worried that Wall Street will view this as an attack on the Fed’s institutional independence, which it is. Markets reacted calmly on Monday, though the dollar fell and bond yields rose as a bet on more inflation. Whatever you think about Mr. Powell or central-bank independence, the way to change the Fed’s legal status is through legislation, not a criminal prosecution of dubious merit.

Also highly critical of Trump’s lawfare against Jerome Powell are the Editors of The Free Press. A slice:

One irony of Trump’s campaign against Powell is that the lower interest rates Trump craves might end up hurting him politically. Inflation has fallen since Trump resumed office, but it is still above the Fed’s target of 2 percent annually, and most Americans believe their wages haven’t caught up to the price levels set while inflation soared under President Joe Biden. Trump wants easy money to juice corporate hiring and reduce the cost of interest on federal debt. But prices are still a bigger concern for most voters, and it’s likely that the Fed’s caution around cutting rates has helped control inflation and reduce public rage.

Sharing Jerome Powell’s statement in response to Trump’s resort to lawfare as a means of influencing monetary policy, Alex Tabarrok wisely observes this:

Whether an independent Fed is desirable is beside the point. The core issue is lawfare: the strategic use of legal processes to intimidate, constrain, and punish institutional actors for political ends. Lawfare is the hallmark of a failing state because it erodes not just political independence, but the capacity for independent judgment.

What sort of people will work at the whim of another? The inevitable result is toadies and ideological loyalists heading complex institutions, rather than people chosen for their knowledge and experience.

Brian Doherty is correct: The first year of Trump’s second term has been “a libertarian nightmare.” A slice:

While he’s gone hog wild so far in 2026, the pattern of his core authoritarianism was already well demonstrated in 2025. Trump wielded state power to punish enemies and reward friends, sent the military into city streets under bogus pretenses and over the objections of local elected officials, authorized masked cops to enforce “papers, please” policies on U.S. citizens moving in public (the loosing of such largely undisciplined shock troops in American cities where they are not wanted has predictably resulted in the unconscionable murder of a citizen), ordered the serial murder of suspected drug smugglers, and disrupted the global economy by making Americans pay sharply increased taxes on imported goods, for starters.

He has concentrated what was supposed to be the competing branches of the federal government into the whims of one man, and erased distinctions between federal and state, public and private. America has never had a president who acted more like a monarch.

Eric Boehm justly criticizes Trump’s economically ignorant call for government-imposed caps on credit-card interest rates. A slice:

“One of those unintended consequences is that banks will reduce or eliminate credit offerings to borrowers who are too risky to justify a 10 percent annual interest rate,” wrote Ryan Young, a senior economist at the Competitive Enterprise Institute. “Wealthy people will do just fine, as will people with an established credit history. Poorer people and younger people will, in many cases, suddenly be unable to get credit from banks.”

Implementing “a 10% interest rate cap would reduce credit availability and be devastating for millions of American families and small business owners who rely on and value their credit cards, the very consumers this proposal intends to help,” said a joint statement from several banking industry groups.

Also arguing eloquently against Trump’s AOC-level economic ignorance regarding the capping of credit-card interest rates is National Review‘s Charles Cooke. A slice:

When Trump and his acolytes imagine a 10 percent limit, they seem to envision the current system, unchanged but for that small detail. But this is absurd. Interest rates are inextricably tied to exposure. To restrict the ceiling to 10 percent APR is to inform banks that they may charge no more than 0.83 percent interest per month to anyone, irrespective of their financial history. The result of this would not be some lofty 10-percent-for-everyone paradise, but an extremely selective universe in which only the most secure candidates were accepted. Within a month of the new rules, most new applicants would be turned down, longstanding credit limits would be lowered, and existing customers who exhibited even a modest pattern of delinquency would have their accounts canceled on the spot. One does not have to try too hard to imagine how this would play out on social media, in the press, or in November’s midterm elections.

When one makes this argument, one is invariably accused of being a fundamentalist, or — quelle horreur! — of being “rich.” But, as it happens, my objection to this is rooted in quite the opposite experience. When I first moved to the United States, I had no credit rating and no ability to “migrate” the history that I had accrued in England into the American banking system. As such, I was caught in a Catch-22: Without credit, I could not get any of the products that would allow me to build a credit rating in the U.S., but without a credit rating, nobody would give me credit. After a few months of trying, I managed to get hold of a “secured” credit card that not only had an unusually high interest rate, but that required me to send the amount that I wished to “borrow” into an escrow account in case I defaulted on the loan. In a vacuum, such a product might well be described as “predatory.” For me, though, it was a lifeline. As a guy with no track record, no assets, a tiny income, and a visa that I could renounce at any moment, I was a considerable risk. By agreeing to the terms I was given, I was able to prove my reliability to others.

The Editorial Board of the Washington Post is among the many sane voices that are critical of Trump’s wish to cap credit-card interest rates – a wish fueled by economic advice from Tucker Carlson. A slice:

Lack of access to credit and banking services is a larger problem for poor people than high interest rates. A high-interest, low-limit credit card could be better for a poor person if the alternatives are writing a bad check (which is a crime) or borrowing from loan sharks (which employ far more brutal collection tactics than banks).

Sens. Josh Hawley (R-Missouri) and Bernie Sanders (I-Vermont) introduced legislation last year to cap credit card interest rates at 10 percent. It went nowhere, likely because most senators don’t want to wreck the American economy. Trump’s Friday night post on Truth Social came shortly after he met at the White House with provocateur Tucker Carlson, who endorsed the Hawley-Sanders bill and has used his platforms to advocate anti-usury laws.

Writing about Trump’s economic interventions, David Bahnsen reveals “the saddest part of this recent economic lunacy.” A slice:

In economics, we refer to the idea that some policies deserve legitimacy because of their intentions as the “piety myth.” It was Thomas Sowell who most lambasted the idea that left-wing ideas or general collectivist intentions warrant more grace as long as the policies “mean well.” With each of his proclamations, I believe the president finds political value in a midterm election year and, to some degree, believes that they would benefit, at least superficially or marginally, the people for whom they are intended. The opposite is true.

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Quotation of the Day…

… is from pages 70-71 of Francis W. Hirst‘s 1927 book, Safeguarding and Protection:

There is no more alarming symptom in modern politics than the tendency of party leaders to bid against one another in the distribution of public favours, and of Ministers to use public funds for the distribution of bounties and favours to sectional interests. In these policies we sometimes see the unscrupulous demagogue seeking to catch votes, or to obtain contributions to a party fund. Sometimes this sort of philanthropy comes from those feelings of pity or charity which draw pennies from our pocket when we encounter the sturdy beggar or the persistent organ-grinder. Unfortunately, while private charity comes in pennies from the private pocket, the public charity of our openhanded, free and easy ministers flows in millions of pounds sterling from the public purse, and is reflected in heavy additions to taxation, in a rise of prices, and in a depreciation of the public credit.

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Here’s a follow-up note to Nolan McKinney.

Mr. McKinney:

In reply to this note, you write that, in your earlier email, you “neglected mentioning the big factor depressing job growth, which is immigrant deportations.”

Fair enough.

In December it was estimated that, since January 2025, the number of foreign-born workers in the U.S. was down by 1.1 million, or a drop of 110,000 workers per month from February through November. This figure means that through December 2025, the loss of jobs held by foreign-born workers was roughly 1,210,000. Adding DOGE job losses to this figure (as before, assuming that no fired federal worker found new employment in 2025), we come up with a total deportation and DOGE job-loss figure for 2025 of 1,530,000, or 127,500 monthly.

Let’s add this figure to the Bureau of Labor Statistics’s estimate of the actual average net monthly job gain in 2025 of 48,667. The hypothetical monthly job-gain figure we arrive at is 176,167 – a figure that is indeed in the same ballpark as the non-recession and non-covid-recovery average monthly net job-creation figure for 2000 through 2024 of 169,250.

But Pres. Trump boasts that his policies are good for American workers, implying that the only job gains that matter are those enjoyed by Americans. If, as Trump insists, immigrants ‘steal’ jobs from Americans, surely Americans would have quickly taken the jobs lost by immigrants, with the result for 2025 being an average monthly net job-gain figure close to 176,000, rather than the actual figure of less than 50,000. The fact that there was nothing close to such job growth in 2025 is powerful evidence that immigrants are not stealing jobs from Americans.

Nevertheless, focusing only on what you apparently believe are ‘legitimate’ workers….

How does the reported 2025 monthly net job-gain figure of 48,667 compare to job gains in the past if we exclude jobs held by ‘illegitimate’ immigrants? To find out, we must remove all jobs gained by ‘illegitimate’ immigrants in the past, which for our dataset means going back through the year 2000.

Let’s do a back-of-the-envelope estimation that likely overestimates the number of jobs created for immigrants prior to 2025. The typical illegal immigrant remains in the U.S. for at least a decade, but let’s strengthen your case by assuming that the typical illegal immigrant leaves the U.S. (or his or her job) every three years. Let’s further assume that the same number of immigrants (1,210,000) who lost jobs in 2025 due to Trump’s deportations entered the workforce every three non-recession, non-covid-recovery years between 2000 and 2024.

Therefore, for the entire span of the 17 non-recession, non-covid-recovery years from 2000 through 2024, the total estimated number of jobs created for ‘illegitimate’ immigrants was 6,856,667. [1,210,000 x (17/3).] This figure means that the total number of jobs created for ‘legitimate’ workers in America over these same years was 27,670,333. (Total job creation over these years was 34,527,000. Subtracting from this figure the number of jobs – 6,856,667 – created for ‘illegitimate’ immigrants, gives us the figure of 27,670,333.)

On average, then, for all of the non-recession, non-covid-recovery years from 2000 through 2024, the estimated average monthly net job gain for ‘legitimate’ workers was 135,639 (which is arrived at by dividing 27,670,333 by the number of months, 204, in these non-recession, non-covid-recovery years).

So taking the reported 2025 average monthly job-gain figure of 48,667 and adding to it the 26,667 monthly DOGE job losses, the resulting hypothetical average monthly job-gain figure for 2025 of 75,334 is still much less than – only 55 percent of – the estimated average monthly net ‘legitimate-worker’ job-gain figure, over the non-recession, non-covid-recovery years 2000-2024, of 135,639.

I suspect that a more systematic estimate of the number of jobs created from 2000 through 2024 for ‘legitimate’ workers – that is, excluding jobs created for ‘illegitimate’ immigrants – would show that job-creation performance in 2025 was even worse by comparison.

In 2025, job creation in the U.S. was poor – a fact that can’t be avoided by pointing to DOGE and deportations.

Sincerely,
Donald J. Boudreaux
Professor of Economics
and
Martha and Nelson Getchell Chair for the Study of Free Market Capitalism at the Mercatus Center
George Mason University
Fairfax, VA 22030

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Disappointing 2025 Job Numbers Can’t Be Blamed on DOGE

Here’s a note to “proud Trump man” Nolan McKinney.

Mr. McKinney:

You’re unhappy with my sharing on Facebook the Wall Street Journal report on job growth in 2025 – a report about which I commented:

2025 was the third-worst non-recession year of the 21st century for job growth. Put differently, 19 of the past 26 years (for the year 2000 is included in these calculations) saw more job growth than did 2025. In fact, even one recession (2007) year saw more job growth than did 2025. Make of this fact what you will – but you’ll tear several muscles trying to square this fact with the MAGA claim that Trump’s economic policies overall are good for ordinary American workers.

You counter by alleging that “this is all a result of President Trump’s D.O.G.E. job cuts, which are a great development.”

Your attempt to explain away the labor-market’s anemic performance in 2025 is factually inaccurate. DOGE reduced the U.S. government’s payroll by about 320,000 – or a monthly average of 26,667. To make your case as strong as possible, let’s assume (contrary to reality) that none of these fired federal workers found new employment in 2025.

According to Bureau of Labor Statistics figures,* the average monthly net job gain in 2025 was 48,667. If we add to this number the 26,667 monthly DOGE job losses, we arrive, for 2025, at a monthly job-gain figure of 75,334. Yet even with this addition – that is, even if we assume that the ‘real’ average monthly net job gain in 2025 was 75,334 – it remains the case (as I wrote on Facebook) that “2025 was the third-worst non-recession year of the 21st century for job growth. Put differently, 19 of the past 26 years (for the year 2000 is included in these calculations) saw more job growth than did 2025.”

Here’s more perspective. From 2000 through 2024, excluding recession years and excluding also 2021 and 2022 (as the enormous job gains in these years might fairly be distorted by the recovery from covid lockdowns), the average monthly net job gain was 169,250. Even if DOGE hadn’t ended a single job, the resulting average monthly net job gain in 2025 of 75,334 is a paltry 45 percent of the average monthly net job gain dating back to 2000 (again, excluding recession years as well as 2021 and 2022; were we to include 2021 and 2022, the non-recession-year average monthly net job gain would be much higher, as during those two years an average of 491,000 jobs were added each month).

In short, the disappointing 2025 job-creation statistic is not an artifact of DOGE job cuts.

Sincerely,
Donald J. Boudreaux
Professor of Economics
and
Martha and Nelson Getchell Chair for the Study of Free Market Capitalism at the Mercatus Center
George Mason University
Fairfax, VA 22030

* I attach here a screenshot of the monthly employment data.

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Some Links

GMU Econ alum Erik Matson ponders the (supposed) warmth of collectivism. A slice:

One doesn’t need to point to the obvious failures of the Soviet Union or the economic tragedies of modern-day Venezuela to establish the negative economic consequences of collectivism. They are apparent in the very problems Mamdani seeks to address. One of his first acts as mayor, he says, will be to intervene to protect tenants of a deteriorating Brooklyn building run by the now-bankrupt Pinnacle Group. The irony is that the units in the building are rent-controlled—hence their deterioration. Doubling down on rent controls and other measures of price-fixing will do nothing to make New York City prosper.

The Editorial Board of the Wall Street Journal reveals the sloppy research method behind the study that allegedly shows that the U.S. Supreme Court is “pro-rich.” A slice:

It’s barely 2026, and there’s already a contender for the year’s worst Supreme Court story. Three economists claim in a new paper that the Justices are biased in favor of the rich. How did they make this discovery? By starting with progressive assumptions, while ignoring the Constitution and the law. Yet the study has received flattering publicity from journalists eager to believe.

If that synopsis sounds unfair, here’s how the academic authors put it: “Rather than examining a justice’s ideology or purported method of statutory and constitutional interpretation, our focus is on outcomes.” The study concludes that Justices on the High Court over seven decades have been increasingly polarized regarding the wealthy, “mostly due to Republican appointees whose decisions rise from about 50% pro-rich share to a 70% pro-rich share.”

Now look at their methodology. They hired “undergraduate and graduate research assistants” to read and categorize High Court opinions in divided cases since 1953. Their instructions gave several reasons to code a ruling as “pro-rich,” including if it “finds in favor of firms against the government,” sides with employers against workers, or “decreases tax payments by individuals or corporations.”

The baked-in assumption is that regulations are good and businesses are shirkers. Don’t fret about who’s legally right, whether the government is overreaching, or what the economic impact might be. As an example, the instructions said that a decision blocking a new gas pipeline—i.e., a company losing to an environmental agency—should be labeled as a win for the poor. But don’t high energy prices disproportionately hurt the working man?

Wall Street Journal columnist Allysia Finley warns of the frigid chill many New York City tenants are destined to suffer if Comrades Zohran Mamdani’s and Cae Weaver’s scheme to collectivize rental housing proceeds. A slice:

Ms. Weaver has advocated government seizure of properties that are in distress or foreclosure so that they can become socialized housing. A majority of New York’s left-wing City Council last year signed on to legislation that would empower the mayor to do so.

Never mind that the New York City Housing Authority says it requires “$78 billion in capital investment due to decades of insufficient funding and deferred maintenance.” Or that the city’s dilapidated public-housing units have 40% more maintenance deficiencies than older rent-stabilized units and 150% more than market-rate ones, according to a city analysis.

New Yorkers don’t need to fly to Caracas to see “decommodified” housing in practice. There’s a model right around the corner.

The Washington Post‘s Editorial Board applauds efforts to reduce the U.S. government’s fiscal incontinence. A slice:

After years of neglect, four members of Congress are trying to set a target to get back not even to a balanced budget, but just to a sane one. A resolution introduced Thursday by Reps. Lloyd Smucker (R-Pennsylvania), Scott Peters (D-California), Bill Huizenga (R-Michigan) and Mike Quigley (D-Illinois) would direct Congress to target a deficit of 3 percent of GDP by 2030

This effort is not chest-thumping by budget hawks demanding a balanced budget immediately. It is bipartisan recognition that the path the deficit is on undercuts the federal government’s ability to function.

Writing at National Review, John O. McGinnis explains “why democracy needs the rich.” Three slices:

But what exactly is wrong with the wealthy? Two-thirds of the Forbes 400, a list of the richest people in America, built their own businesses. These entrepreneurs still greatly benefit the other 99 percent, contributing far more to the welfare of consumers, employees, and other shareholders than they retain in personal wealth. Highly paid chief executive officers also increase the wealth of others. For instance, the morning of August 13, 2024, Starbucks stock jumped $19 billion because one man, Brian Niccol, accepted the CEO job.

Inherited wealth often faces heightened skepticism because its beneficiaries did not perform the hard work necessary to earn it. Nevertheless, these resources typically fuel investments and propel innovation, benefiting society as a whole. Most fortunes do not simply exist as idle reserves for a privileged few. Instead, they fund philanthropic ventures and fuel the ambitions and dreams of many.

…..

Nor are the rich even the group with the most outsized voice. The intelligentsia, broadly defined as including journalists, intellectuals, and entertainers, wields more significant power: The chattering class shapes the short-term agenda through the media and the long-term agenda through universities. It directs the cultural currents that flow into politics through books, television, movies, and music. And bureaucrats hold substantial sway over the day-to-day operation of government: like an unseen current in a river, their influence is constant, even as often relatively inexperienced political appointees with different views struggle to control the flow. These groups have homogeneous political viewpoints. Academics and civil servants overwhelmingly favor Democrats; their standing thus drives politics systematically to the left.

The rich fortify American democracy in part because they counter the leverage of such groups. The intelligentsia wields substantial power in democracy because, unlike all other citizens, shaping public opinion either directly or indirectly is part of their job. This gives them an enormous advantage in shaping democratic outputs over other groups whose work focuses on material, not ideological, production. The wealthy have both the independence and the resources to influence public debate and therefore assure that politics and policy aren’t solely driven by the intelligentsia and bureaucrats.

The rich also serve as a vital counterweight to special interest groups, such as unions and trade associations, which often have a stranglehold on specific public policies using their organized clout against the interests of the unorganized majority. The rich ameliorate this inherent democratic deficit by funding broader, diffuse interests that may resonate with the majority but are difficult for the majority to effectively advocate on their own. In this way, the influence of the rich amplifies the voice of the many against the concentrated power of the few. In serving as a counterweight to both the intelligentsia and special interests, the wealthy contribute to one of the virtues of democracy as a political system: its openness to contestation.

It is said that the wealthy are biased by their desire to retain their wealth, but every group has its own interests. Concentrated interest groups lobby to protect their own stakes, bureaucrats benefit from an expanded state, and academics thrive in a world where their status rises compared with those who create wealth. In fact, the wealthy can be focused on longer-term public interests because they have ample provision for themselves.

…..

Today’s attack on the rich is often not simply an attack on a particular class or the result of envy. The deeper aim is to change America’s system of government from a commercial and civic republic to a more collectivist society, where the state holds greater and more unchecked authority. The effect will be not only to disempower the rich but also to shift power to others — bureaucrats, special interest groups such as public sector unions and professional guilds, and journalists and academics. Like a magician’s misdirection, the focus on the rich distracts from the real objective: to concentrate power in the hands of those who claim to speak for the people, while sidelining a diverse and decentralized group that has kept American democracy vibrant and resilient.

Jeb Hensarling and Michael Solon make clear that “raising the FDIC limit risks repeating the S&L crisis.” A slice:

Government insurance programs are often tied to budget-busting bailouts and economic crises. But political pressures are again driving their expansion—and when these programs fail, taxpayers are left with the bill.

Washington’s latest bad idea is the Main Street Depositor Protection Act, offered by Sens. Bill Hagerty (R., Tenn.) and Angela Alsobrooks (D., Md.) and endorsed by Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent. The bill would increase the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. limit on all non-interest-bearing accounts from $250,000 to $10 million. But the change would apply only to midsize and community banks—not to global, systemically important banks. Smaller banks wouldn’t have to pay the estimated $42 billion for the increased insurance; the premium increases are largely shifted to bigger banks. Banks under $10 billion in assets don’t have to pay any additional premiums.

To hide the price shock from big banks inevitably passing the costs on to their customers, the bill would phase in higher deposit-insurance fees and increased required reserves over the course of a decade. Consequently, the FDIC’s ratio of guaranteed deposits to reserves—a critical indicator of the fund’s ability to protect taxpayers—would be dangerously distorted for 10 years.

We’ve seen this before. A similar lack of reserves prevented the shutdown of troubled savings-and-loan associations in the 1980s. Regulators lacked the resources in their insurance fund to close bankrupt S&Ls, forcing an era of “forbearance” when thrifts stayed open despite insolvency. It dramatically drove up the resolution cost of the S&L crisis from an estimated $25 billion had the problem been addressed in 1983 to an actual cost of $160 billion by the 1990s.

The newly proposed FDIC deposit hike resembles Congress’s 1980 increase of the insured deposit limit from $40,000 to $100,000. In its review of the S&L crisis, the FDIC said the increase “added substantially to the potential costs of resolving failed financial institutions” and worsened the moral hazard problem. The increase Congress is now considering would be more than 160 times the size of the 1980 hike.

The 2008 financial crisis represents another infamous example of expanding liabilities without necessary capital.

In the wake of the U.S. Justice Department’s newly announced criminal investigation of Federal Reserve chairman Jerome Powell, even some GOP members of Congress, including Sen. Thom Tillis (NC), warn of the resulting damage done to the rule of law. A slice:

Sen. Thom Tillis (R-N.C), a member of the Senate Banking Committee, quickly opposed the DOJ move.

“If there were any remaining doubt whether advisers within the Trump Administration are actively pushing to end the independence of the Federal Reserve, there should now be none,” Tillis said. “It is now the independence and credibility of the Department of Justice that are in question.”

Tillis went further, saying he will “oppose the confirmation of any nominee for the Fed—including the upcoming Fed Chair vacancy—until this legal matter is fully resolved.”

Even a large swath of Republicans in the MAGA-friendly House were stunned.

“Will they stop at nothing to force their way on everything?” one senior House Republican said. “The administration is setting a standard they cannot achieve themselves and will haunt us all for a generation.”

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Quotation of the Day…

… is from page 401 of The Thomas Sowell Reader (2011):

Much of what are called “social problems” consists of the fact that intellectuals have theories that do not fit the real world. From this they conclude that it is the real world which is wrong and needs changing.

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On the Ground With Actual Factory Workers in China (2012)

Although this TED Talk by Leslie Chang was delivered almost 14 years ago, it reveals a relevant reality about China’s industrialization, at least before the reign of Xi. Mistaken are the lazy protectionists’ tales of China’s economic growth being rooted in slave labor, as well as the lazy progressives’ tales of western corporations profiting at the expense of their workers in still-developing countries. (I thank Steve Hardy for alerting me to this TED Talk.)

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Some Links

National Review‘s Andrew McCarthy points out that the executive branch of the U.S. government has no Constitutional authority, acting alone, to acquire more territory – including Greenland – for the United States, whether through purchase or conquest. A slice:

What got my antennae pinging was the fact that nowhere in the Times report is it mentioned that a president lacks constitutional authority to unilaterally add territory to the United States. It’s as if President Trump has now done this sort of thing enough times that we no longer need discuss legality — just audacity.

Still, whether it’s a topic of discussion or not, and whether what’s at issue is purchase or conquest, congressional approval — including any necessary funding — is required to add property to the United States.

For example, the Louisiana Purchase was carried out by treaty. Back in a time when presidents worried about such things, Thomas Jefferson had misgivings about whether the Constitution even permitted the acquisition of new territory. He briefly thought about (but decided against) seeking an amendment, concluding that a treaty in conjunction with congressional funding would suffice. The issue, though, was whether the law permitted the national government to acquire territory; it would not have dawned on President Jefferson that he could just take it or buy it with funds Congress had appropriated for other purposes. His administration made the agreement with France in 1803, the Senate approved it, and Congress appropriated the $15 million to complete the purchase — a gargantuan sum in today’s dollars, but still a bargain. (Napoleon needed the money for his wars in Europe and hoped to strengthen the United States vis-à-vis his rival, Britain.)

The Times report quotes two retiring senators — Jeanne Shaheen (D., N.H.) and Thom Tillis (R., S.C.) — expressing concerns that the president is paying insufficient respect to “treaty obligations” and the “territorial integrity of the Kingdom of Denmark.” Well sure . . . but how about respect for the constitutional authority of Congress?

The president of the United States is the chief executive in a government of divided powers. The president is not the sovereign, and he has no authority to confer American sovereignty on foreign territory.

Alan Dlugash decries Trump’s on-going efforts to displace free markets with state control.

Phil Magness rightly notes that the ranks of the supporters – which include the ridiculously illiberal Adrian Vermeule – of Trump’s newly announced proposal to cap interest rates on credit cards speaks volumes about the dirigiste nature of Trump’s proposal.

Megan McArdle explains what shouldn’t – but, alas, what today nevertheless does – need explaining: “Reflexively siding with or against law enforcement is folly.” A slice:

Trying to separate the “what” from the “who,” I confess I am struggling to see what conservatives believe is obvious: that officer Jonathan Ross had good reason to believe Good was trying to hurt him with her car.

I’ve watched all the videos I can find in slow motion and in real time, and I see a man filming with his phone at the corner of a car making a K-turn, and may have knocked into him as it moved. Ross seems to be leaning over the hood from a side angle to put the first shot through the windshield and firing the second and third shots into the car from the side, which makes it hard to believe that he thought the car was aimed at him or anyone else. The road appears clear behind him.

That’s not the final word, of course; though a news outlet disseminated his cellphone footage, his body-cam video, if it exists, hasn’t been released. Further investigation and more videos may reveal additional details. Unfortunately, we’ve become so polarized on the “who” that I no longer trust this administration — which immediately deemed Good a “domestic terrorist” — to adjudicate the “what.” And that is even more troubling to me than the death of Renée Good.

Harold Black is rightly disgusted with the clueless self-righteousness and hypocrisy of the likes of Zohran Mamdani and Cea Weaver.

The Washington Post Editorial Board appropriately excoriates the Chicago “teachers” union for the damage it does to that city’s government-run schools. A slice:

Then again, failure seems to be the gold standard for this union, and now its president Stacy Davis Gates will be able to spread her radical agenda across the state after being elected to lead the Illinois Federation of Teachers. Davis Gates, who has a history of blowing off mandatory union audits and has described testing as “junk science rooted in White supremacy,” is clearly allergic to accountability and excellence.

If the CTU actually cares about fighting injustice, it should focus on the basics. Black students in third through eight grade score 33 percent lower on reading than White students, and low-income students score 32 percent lower than the rest. Meanwhile, the union is being investigated by the House Education and Workforce Committee for failing to produce an annual audit of its spending over the last five years.

My intrepid Mercatus Center colleague, Veronique de Rugy, notes that “the Minnesota fraud scandal is just the tip of the iceberg.” A slice:

Minnesota is not the exception but rather the example Americans finally noticed. Medicaid fraud has been endemic at the state and federal levels for decades. Politicians haven’t done much, even with scholars and journalists raising the alarm.

Medicaid reports $543 billion in “improper payments” over the past decade, though that figure omits one of the largest sources of error: whether states correctly determined the eligibility of the individuals they enrolled and paid providers on behalf of. According to Paragon Institute calculations, this brings improper payments to $1.1 trillion over those 10 years.

Improper payments are not identical to fraud; many involve missing documentation or administrative errors. But that distinction offers little comfort considering how little money is recovered. They are also an open invitation for more abuse.

Actual fraud, meanwhile, is widespread and persistent. In 2024 alone, state Medicaid Fraud Control Units reported more than 1,151 convictions and more than $1.4 billion in civil and criminal recoveries. Federal enforcement recovers a tiny share of what is stolen. Fraud that goes undetected never appears in the data.

That’s only the tip of the iceberg. Medicare, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and many other welfare programs also suffer from massive fraud. The Affordable Care Act’s (ACA) exchange subsidies provide another cautionary example.

A recent Government Accountability Office report shows that the fraud risks in the ACA’s advanced premium tax credit remain severe a decade after they were first identified. The ability to gain subsidized coverage for fictitious applicants without providing required documentation, tens of thousands of Social Security numbers used for overlapping coverage, and more than $21 billion in subsidies never reconciled with tax filings are among the findings. Nonetheless, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has not updated its fraud risk assessment since 2018 and still lacks a comprehensive anti-fraud strategy.

Congratulations to Timothy Taylor on his receipt of a very-much-deserved honor.

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